Large Scale Custom Peptide Synthesis

Large Scale Custom Peptide Synthesis

Bio-Synthesis has been producing synthetic peptides for over 25 years. Our expertise in custom synthetic polypeptide manufacturing allows us to produce the high-quality, large-scale, and GMP peptides with the highest success rate with long standing records. We have been delivered more than 100,000 peptides to customers worldwide, including very hydrophobic polypeptide, peptide with multiple disulfide bonds, multi-phosph0rylated peptides and extremely long peptides. Our large scale non-GMP ever delivered 5 kilograms of peptides on a single order and has the capacity of 10,000 peptides per month. Our capacity of GMP peptide is 10 kilograms.


Peptide Applications

Peptide applications play an important role in biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology and medicine. In the human body, most if not all biological/physiological processes are regulated by various forms of molecular recognition. Most of these processes involve initiation or inhibition trough protein-protein interaction. As we know peptides and proteins due to the vast number of conformational possibilities are ideal to carry out such complex control functions.

Use of Synthetic Peptides

Synthetic peptides have been widely used for many purposes like: structure-function studies of polypeptides, as peptide hormones and hormone analogues, in the preparation of cross-reacting antibodies, in the design of novel enzyme and in drug discovery.

Biologically Active Peptides

The last 40 years have seen an enormous growth in the methodologies available to obtain peptide and protein molecules. Through recombinant methods, most labs can now assemble genes, subcloned into expression vectors and obtain a wide range of endogenous proteins; likewise the pioneering work of Bruce Merrifield, makes it possible to obtain large scale with multikilo amounts of a number of biologically active peptides.

LKB1 Antibody

LKB1 Antibody

Catalog#:3987

The LKB1 serine/threonine protein kinase was initially identified as a tumor suppressor gene mutated in human Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a condition resulting in the growth of numerous intestinal polyps classed as hamartomas. LKB1 exists as a heterotrimeric complex with two other proteins, Ste20-related adaptor protein (STRAD) and MO25. Together, this complex can phsophorylate and activate the AMP-activate protein kinase (AMPK). Following AMPK activation by LKB1, AMPK then phosphorylates TSC1 and TSC2, key components of the metabolism-regulating TOR signaling pathway, which antagonizes the activation for the TOR pathway. LKB1 has also been shown to play a fundamental role in controlling the spatial orientation of structures required to maintain an ordered, polarized epithelium. LKB1 often migrates at a higher than expected molecular weight in SDS-PAGE.

Additional Names: LKB1, Serine-threonine protein kinase 11, STK11, NT-REN-19 antigen

Description
Left: Western blot analysis of LKB1 in PC-3 cell lysate with LKB1 antibody at 1 µg/ml in the (A) absence or (B) presence of blocking peptide.





Source:LKB1 antibody was raised against a 15 amino acid peptide from near the carboxy terminus of human LKB1.
Purification: Affinity chromatography purified via peptide column
Clonality and Clone: This is a polyclonal antibody.
Host: LKB1 antibody was raised in rabbit.
Please use anti-rabbit secondary antibodies.
Application: LKB1 antibody can be used for detection of LKB1 by Western blot at 0.5 – 1 µg/ml.
Tested Application(s): E, WB
Buffer: Antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Blocking Peptide:Cat.No. 3987P - LKB1 Peptide
Long-Term Storage: LKB1 antibody can be stored at 4ºC, stable for one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.
Positive Control:
1. Cat. No. 1216 - PC-3 Cell Lysate
Species Reactivity: H, M
GI Number: 17939640
Accession Number: AAH19334
Short Description: Serine-threonine protein kinase 11
References
1. Hemminki A, Markie D, Tomlinson I, et al. A serine/threonine kinase gene defective in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Nature 1998; 391:184-7.
2. Boudeau J, Baas AF, Deak M, et al. MO25alpha/beta interact with STRADalpha/beta enhancing their ability to bind, activate and localize LKB1 in the cytoplasm. EMBO J. 2003; 22:5102-14.
3. Hawley SA, Boudeau J, Reid JL, et al. Complexes between the LKB1 tumor suppressor, STRADalpha/beta and MO25alpha/beta are upstream kinases in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade. J. Biol. 2003; 2:28

KINDLIN3 Antibody

KINDLIN3 Antibody

Catalog#:4797

The three KINDLINs are a novel family of focal adhesion proteins, localizing to integrin adhesion sites. The KINDLIN proteins are composed of a centrally located FERM domain interrupted by a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. KINDLIN1 and KINDLIN2 have been shown to play an essential role in integrin-mediated adhesion and spreading. In contrast to the widely expressed KINDLIN1 and KINDLIN2, KINDLIN3 is restricted to hematopoietic cells and is particularly abundant in megakaryocytes and platelets. Several reports describe a transcriptional misregulation of KINDLINs in various types of cancer. A recent study demonstrates that KINDLIN3 is essential for platelet integrin activation and subsequent integrin outside-in signaling, suggesting it may serve as a potential target for the design of therapeutics aimed at specifically disrupting integrin activation in platelets and leukocytes.

Additional Names: KINDLIN3, Fermitin family homolog 3, FERMT, Unc-112-related protein 2, MIG2-like protein, KIND3, MIG2B, URP2

Description
Left: Western blot analysis of KINDLIN3 in rat spleen lysate with KINDLIN3 antibody at (A) 1 and (B) 2 µg/ml.



Source:KINDLIN3 antibody was raised against a 19 amino acid peptide near the carboxy terminus of the human KINDLIN3.
Purification: Affinity chromatography purified via peptide column
Clonality and Clone: This is a polyclonal antibody.
Host: KINDLIN3 antibody was raised in rabbit.
Please use anti-rabbit secondary antibodies.
Application: KINDLIN3 antibody can be used for detection of KINDLIN3 by Western blot at 1 µg/ml.
Tested Application(s): E, WB
Buffer: Antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Blocking Peptide:Cat.No. 4797P - KINDLIN3 Peptide
Long-Term Storage: KINDLIN3 antibody can be stored at 4ºC, stable for one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.
Positive Control:
1. Cat. No. 1466 - Rat Spleen Tissue Lysate
Species Reactivity: H, M, R
GI Number: 41281905
Accession Number: NP_848537
Short Description: Fermitin family homolog 3
References
1. Ussar S, Wang HV, Linder S, et al. The Kindlins: subcellular localization and expression during murine development. Exp. Cell Res. 2006; 312:3142-51.
2. Weinstein EJ, Bourner M, Head R, et al. URP1: a member of a novel family of PH and FERM domain-containing membrane-associated proteins is significantly over-expressed in lung and colon carcinomas. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2003; 1637:207–16.
3. Boyd RS, Adam PJ, Patel S, et al. Proteomic analysis of the cell-surface membrane in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: identification of two novel proteins, BCNP1 and MIG2B. Leukemia 2003; 17:1605–12.
4. Mory A, Feigelson SW, Yarali N, et al. Kindlin-3: a new gene involved in the pathogenesis of LAD-III. Blood 2008; 112:2591.

KappaB ras2 Antibody

KappaB ras2 Antibody

Catalog#:2495

KappaB ras-1 (kappaB-ras-1) and kappaB-ras-2 are two small proteins that similar to Ras-like small GTPases that associate with IkappaB (IkappaB), an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. IkappaB exists in two homologous forms, IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta, although IkappaB-beta contains a unique 47-amino acid region within its ankyrin domain. While inactive IkappaB-alpha-NF-kappaB complexes can shuttle in and out of the nucleus, IkappaB-beta-NF-kappaB complexes are retained exclusively in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that kappaB-ras proteins preferentially bind to the IkappaB-beta form through this unique insert within the ankyrin region, thus modulating the cellular location of IkappaB-beta and regulating the rate of degradation of IkappaB-beta. This antibody is specific for kappaB-ras2 and has no cross-reactivity to kappaB-ras1.

Additional Names: KappaB ras2, NF-kappaB inhibitor-interacting Ras like protein 2, kappaB-ras2, NKIRAS2

Description
Left: Western blot analysis of KappaB ras2 in RAW264.7 cell lysate with KappaB ras1 antibody at 1 µg/ml in the (A) absence and (B) presence of blocking peptide.





Source:KappaB ras2 antibody was raised against a 14 amino acid peptide from near the carboxy terminus of human KappaB ras2.
Purification: Affinity chromatography purified via peptide column
Clonality and Clone: This is a polyclonal antibody.
Host: KappaB ras2 antibody was raised in rabbit.
Please use anti-rabbit secondary antibodies.
Application: KappaB ras2 antibody can be used for detection of KappaB ras1 by Western blot at 0.5 – 1 µg/ml.
Tested Application(s): E, WB
Buffer: Antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Blocking Peptide:Cat.No. 2495P - KappaB ras2 Peptide
Long-Term Storage: KappaB ras2 antibody can be stored at 4ºC, stable for one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.
Positive Control:
1. Cat. No. 1283 - RAW264.7 Cell Lysate
Species Reactivity: H, M, R
GI Number: 19072794
Accession Number: NP_060065
Short Description: NF-kappaB inhibitor-interacting Ras-like protein
References
1. Fenwick C, Na SY, Voll RE, et al. A subclass of Ras proteins that regulate the degradation of IkappaB. Science 2000; 287:869-73.
2. Chen Y, Wu J and Ghosh G. KappaB-Ras binds to the unique insert within the ankyrin repeat domain if IkappaBbeta and regulates cytoplasmic retention of IkappaBbeta x NF-kappaB complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 2003; 278:23101-6.

Use of Bioconjugates in Apoptosis

Bio-Synthesis has acquired years of experience in chemical conjugation of peptides, porteins, oligonucleotides, lipid, bifunctional ligands, antibodies and other biological molecules onto solid surfaces. Our goal is to be your one expert source when seeking new solutions from early drug discovery to delivery.

Bioconjugation Service

In some cases the carrier moiety can be a synthetic polymer such as poly-L-glutamic acid to which the drug paclitaxel has been conjugated. The actual mechanism of action is still being elucidated. Another carrier that has been used successfully are the cyclodextrins to which small pro-apoptotic agents can be linked. For example For instance a conjugate of anti-CD33 antibody and the amphipathic peptide KLA target efficiently CD33-positive myeloid leukemia cell lines to cause their apoptotic death induced by the D-(KLAKLAK)2 proapoptotic peptide.

Bioconjugates

The study of apotosis, the programmed death of cells, has direct applications to cancer a disease where tumor cells have developed mechanisms to avoid it and multiply without control. The fact that apoptosis is usually mediated by some cell receptors makes conjugates a valuable tool in elucidating apoptosis’ mechanisms as well drug development.

Bioconjugations

Cells over-expressing erbB2 and resistant to apoptosis can be killed more efficiently by a conjugate composed of an erbB2-binding heptapeptide conjugated to the proapoptotic a-tocopheryl succinate (a-TOS) rather than the unconjugated a-TOS. Use of the conjugate resulted in breast carcinomas in a breast cancer prone transgenic mouse strain. Recently it has been shown that conjugates of cytochrome c and oligoarginine linked by a thioether resulted in an increased entry into the cell, compared to cyt. c alone, and increase in apoptotic activity. In contrast a conjugate linked by a disulfide bond although entered into the cell did not enhance the apoptotic activity.

RNA Resources

RNA Resources

With over 20 years experience in custom synthesis for the biomedical research communities, BSI has developed the expertise to deliver custom synthesized RNA with quality that meets all your RNAi, siRNA, shRNA and other RNA projects.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid made from a long chain of nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate. RNA is very similar to DNA, but differs in a few important structural details: in the cell RNA is usually single stranded, while DNA is usually double stranded. RNA nucleotides contain ribose while DNA contains deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and RNA has the nucleotide uracil rather than thymine which is present in DNA.

RNA Polymerases

RNA is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and is generally further processed by other enzymes. Some of these RNA-processing enzymes contain RNA as part of their structures. RNA is also central to the translation of some RNAs into proteins. In this process, a type of RNA called messenger RNA carries information from DNA to structures called ribosomes. These ribosomes are made from proteins and ribosomal RNAs, which come together to form a molecular machine that can read messenger RNAs and translate the information they carry into proteins.

RNA World Hypothesis

The RNA world hypothesis proposes that a world filled with RNA (ribonucleic acid) based life predates current DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) based life. RNA, which can store information like DNA and catalyze reactions like proteins (enzymes), may have supported cellular or pre-cellular life. Some hypotheses as to the origin of life present RNA-based catalysis and information storage as the first step in the evolution of cellular life.

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KappaB ras1 Antibody

KappaB ras1 Antibody

Catalog#:2493

KappaB ras-1 (kappaB-ras-1) and kappaB-ras-2 are two small proteins that similar to Ras-like small GTPases that associate with IkappaB (IkappaB), an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. IkappaB exists in two homologous forms, IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta, although IkappaB-beta contains a unique 47-amino acid region within its ankyrin domain. While inactive IkappaB-alpha-NF-kappaB complexes can shuttle in and out of the nucleus, IkappaB-beta-NF-kappaB complexes are retained exclusively in the cytoplasm. It is suggested that kappaB-ras proteins preferentially bind to the IkappaB-beta form through this unique insert within the ankyrin region, thus modulating the cellular location of IkappaB-beta and regulating the rate of degradation of IkappaB-beta. This antibody is specific for kappaB-ras1 and has no cross-reactivity to kappaB-ras2.

Additional Names: KappaB ras1, NF-kappaB inhibitor-interacting Ras like protein 1, kappaB-ras1, NKIRAS1
Description
Left: Western blot analysis of KappaB ras1 in RAW264.7 cell lysate with KappaB ras1 antibody at (A) 0.5, (B) 1 and (C) 2 µg/ml.


Below: Immunocytochemistry of KappaB-ras1 in RAW264.7 cells with KappaB-ras1 antibody at 1 µg/ml.

Other Product Images
Source:KappaB ras1 antibody was raised against a 15 amino acid peptide from near the carboxy terminus of human KappaB ras1.
Purification: Affinity chromatography purified via peptide column
Clonality and Clone: This is a polyclonal antibody.
Host: KappaB ras1 antibody was raised in rabbit.
Please use anti-rabbit secondary antibodies.
Application: KappaB ras1 antibody can be used for detection of KappaB ras1 by Western blot at 0.5 – 1 µg/ml.
Tested Application(s): E, WB, ICC
Buffer: Antibody is supplied in PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
Blocking Peptide:Cat.No. 2493P - KappaB ras1 Peptide
Long-Term Storage: KappaB ras1 antibody can be stored at 4ºC, stable for one year. As with all antibodies care should be taken to avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Antibodies should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.
Positive Control:
1. Cat. No. 1283 - RAW264.7 Cell Lysate
Species Reactivity: H, M
GI Number: 7008402
Accession Number: AAF34998
Short Description: NF-kappaB inhibitor-interacting Ras-like protein
References
1. Fenwick C, Na SY, Voll RE, et al. A subclass of Ras proteins that regulate the degradation of IkappaB. Science 2000; 287:869-73.
2. Chen Y, Wu J and Ghosh G. KappaB-Ras binds to the unique insert within the ankyrin repeat domain if IkappaBbeta and regulates cytoplasmic retention of IkappaBbeta x NF-kappaB complexes. J. Biol. Chem. 2003; 278:23101-6.